In early 2025, new data from Eurostat offered a detailed snapshot of gender distribution in higher education across the EU. Among approximately 1.5 million master’s students in 2022, women accounted for 905,678—or 58.6% of the total. At the doctoral level, however, the proportion of women dropped to 48.5% out of 99,204 candidates. At first glance, these figures suggest near parity. But a closer examination reveals deep structural imbalances, particularly across disciplines and country lines, with far-reaching implications for the future of gender equity in science, technology, and leadership. Across the EU, women made up the majority of master’s students in all countries except Luxembourg, where the distribution was balanced at 49.8% female. Cyprus led the way with 74.2% female representation, followed by Poland (67.3%) and Lithuania (66.1%). At the doctoral level, disparities widened: Luxembourg (42.3%), Austria (43.3%), and Czechia (44.1%) had the lowest shares of female PhD ca...